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Authentication Config

Payload's Authentication is extremely powerful and gives you everything you need when you go to build a new app or site in a secure and responsible manner.

To enable Authentication on a collection, define an auth property and set it to either true or to an object containing the options below.

Options

Option	Description
`useAPIKey`	Payload Authentication provides for API keys to be set on each user within an Authentication-enabled Collection. More
`tokenExpiration`	How long (in seconds) to keep the user logged in. JWTs and HTTP-only cookies will both expire at the same time.
`maxLoginAttempts`	Only allow a user to attempt logging in X amount of times. Automatically locks out a user from authenticating if this limit is passed. Set to `0` to disable.
`lockTime`	Set the time that a user should be locked out if they fail authentication more times than `maxLoginAttempts` allows for.
`depth`	How many levels deep a `user` document should be populated when creating the JWT and binding the `user` to the express `req`. Defaults to `0` and should only be modified if absolutely necessary, as this will affect performance.
`cookies`	Set cookie options, including `secure`, `sameSite`, and `domain`. For advanced users.
`forgotPassword`	Customize the way that the `forgotPassword` operation functions. More
`verify`	Set to `true` or pass an object with verification options to require users to verify by email before they are allowed to log into your app. More
`disableLocalStrategy`	Advanced - disable Payload's built-in local auth strategy. Only use this property if you have replaced Payload's auth mechanisms with your own.
`strategies`	Advanced - an array of PassportJS authentication strategies to extend this collection's authentication with. More

API keys

To integrate with third-party APIs or services, you might need the ability to generate API keys that can be used to identify as a certain user within Payload.

For example, if you have a third-party service or external app that needs to be able to perform protected actions at its discretion, you have two options:

Create a user for the third-party app, and log in each time to receive a token before you attempt to access any protected actions
Enable API key support for the Collection, where you can generate a non-expiring API key per user in the collection

Technically, both of these options will work for third-party integrations but the second option with API key is simpler, because it reduces the amount of work that your integrations need to do to be authenticated properly.

To enable API keys on a collection, set the useAPIKey auth option to true. From there, a new interface will appear in the Admin panel for each document within the collection that allows you to generate an API key for each user in the Collection.

User API keys are encrypted within the database, meaning that if your database is compromised, your API keys will not be.

Authenticating via API Key

To utilize your API key while interacting with the REST or GraphQL API, add the Authorization header.

For example, using Fetch:

const response = await fetch("http://localhost:3000/api/pages", {
  headers: {
    Authorization: `${collection.labels.singular} API-Key ${YOUR_API_KEY}`,
  },
});

Forgot Password

You can customize how the Forgot Password workflow operates with the following options on the auth.forgotPassword property:

generateEmailHTML

Function that accepts one argument, containing { req, token, user }, that allows for overriding the HTML within emails that are sent to users attempting to reset their password. The function should return a string that supports HTML, which can be a full HTML email.

Tip:
HTML templating can be used to create custom email templates, inline CSS automatically, and more. You can make a reusable function that standardizes all email sent from Payload, which makes sending custom emails more DRY. Payload doesn't ship with an HTML templating engine, so you are free to choose your own.

Example:

import { CollectionConfig } from 'payload/types';

const Customers: CollectionConfig = {
  slug: 'customers',
  auth: {
    forgotPassword: {
      generateEmailHTML: ({ req, token, user }) => {
        // Use the token provided to allow your user to reset their password
        const resetPasswordURL = `https://yourfrontend.com/reset-password?token=${token}`;

        return `
          <!doctype html>
          <html>
            <body>
              <h1>Here is my custom email template!</h1>
              <p>Hello, ${user.email}!</p>
              <p>Click below to reset your password.</p>
              <p>
                <a href="${resetPasswordURL}">${resetPasswordURL}</a>
              </p>
            </body>
          </html>
        `;
      }
    }
  }
};

Important:
If you specify a different URL to send your users to for resetting their password, such as a page on the frontend of your app or similar, you need to handle making the call to the Payload REST or GraphQL reset-password operation yourself on your frontend, using the token that was provided for you. Above, it was passed via query parameter.

generateEmailSubject

Similarly to the above generateEmailHTML, you can also customize the subject of the email. The function argument are the same but you can only return a string - not HTML.

Example:

{
  slug: 'customers',
  auth: {
    forgotPassword: {
      generateEmailSubject: ({ req, user }) => {
        return `Hey ${user.email}, reset your password!`;
      }
    }
  }
}

Email Verification

If you'd like to require email verification before a user can successfully log in, you can enable it by passing true or an options object to auth.verify. The following options are available:

generateEmailHTML

Function that accepts one argument, containing { req, token, user }, that allows for overriding the HTML within emails that are sent to users indicating how to validate their account. The function should return a string that supports HTML, which can optionally be a full HTML email.

Example:

import { CollectionConfig } from 'payload/types';


const Customers: CollectionConfig = {
  slug: 'customers',
  auth: {
    verify: {
      generateEmailHTML: ({ req, token, user }) => {
        // Use the token provided to allow your user to verify their account
        const url = `https://yourfrontend.com/verify?token=${token}`;

        return `Hey ${user.email}, verify your email by clicking here: ${url}`;
      }
    }
  }
};

Important:
If you specify a different URL to send your users to for email verification, such as a page on the frontend of your app or similar, you need to handle making the call to the Payload REST or GraphQL verification operation yourself on your frontend, using the token that was provided for you. Above, it was passed via query parameter.

generateEmailSubject

Similarly to the above generateEmailHTML, you can also customize the subject of the email. The function argument are the same but you can only return a string - not HTML.

Example:

{
  slug: 'customers',
  auth: {
    forgotPassword: {
      generateEmailSubject: ({ req, user }) => {
        return `Hey ${user.email}, reset your password!`;
      }
    }
  }
}

Strategies

As of Payload 1.0.0, you can add additional authentication strategies to Payload easily by passing them to your collection's auth.strategies array.

Behind the scenes, Payload uses PassportJS to power its local authentication strategy, so most strategies listed on the PassportJS website will work seamlessly. Combined with adding custom components to the admin panel's Login view, you can create advanced authentication strategies directly within Payload.

This is an advanced feature, so only attempt this if you are an experienced developer. Otherwise, just let Payload's built-in authentication handle user auth for you.

The strategies property is an array that takes objects with the following properties:

strategy

This property can accept a Passport strategy directly, or you can pass a function that takes a payload argument, and returns a Passport strategy.

name

If you pass a strategy to the strategy property directly, the name property is optional and allows you to override the strategy's built-in name.

However, if you pass a function to strategy, name is a required property.

In either case, Payload will prefix the strategy name with the collection slug that the strategy is passed to.

Authentication Config

Options

API keys

Authenticating via API Key

Forgot Password

Email Verification

Strategies

Authentication Operations

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